I-Pyrroloquinoline-Quinone Ingaphezulu Kwe-Antioxidant

Iprroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) yi-cofactor ye-redox enomdla kunye nekhompawundi ye-bioactive etsale ingqalelo ebalulekileyo kwi-biochemistry, isondlo, kunye namayeza. Iqale yafunyanwa njengeqela leprosthetic ye-dehydrogenases yebhaktiriya ethile, i-PQQ sele yamkelwa ngendima yayo ekhethekileyo kwimetabolism yamandla eselula, ibhalansi ye-redox, kunye ne-neuroprotection. Ngelixa ihlala ithengiswe njenge-antioxidant enamandla, uncwadi lwezenzululwazi lucebisa ukuba ukubaluleka kwebhayoloji ye-PQQ kudlulela ngaphaya kokuhlamba ngokukhululekileyo.

Eli nqaku liphonononga isiseko se-biochemical, imisebenzi yomzimba, kunye nefuthe lezempilo le-PQQ, lizoba kumashumi eminyaka yophando ukusuka kwi-enzymology ukuya kwizifundo zeklinikhi.

Yintoni iPQQ Powder?

IPrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) sisizondlo esincinci esikhethekileyo; i-compound efana ne-vitamin efumaneka ngokwemvelo kwizityalo zokutya kunye neti eluhlaza. I-PQQ ibonakaliswe ukuba ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo kwingqondo kunye nokusebenza komzimba kusekwe kuvavanyo lwezonyango. I-PQQ iphandiwe kwaye yafundwa ngokusondeleyo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30.

I-PQQ sisilwanyane esinamandla esichasene ne-oxidant ekwazi ukwenza i-oxidation ephindaphindiweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukusabela kwiqondo elikhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye ii-anti-oxidants. I-PQQ ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-mitochondria entsha ngaphakathi kweeseli eziguga, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-mitochondrial biogenesis, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-mitochondrial; isiphumo "somthombo wolutsha" Le nkxaso yokukhula kwe-mitochondrial iphucula imveliso yamandla.

I-PQQ inamandla amakhulu okunceda kwiimeko ze-neurological ezijikeleza ukusebenza kwe-mitochondrial ephantsi kwaye inokuxhasa iinzame zomzimba zokulwa ngokuchasene nokulahleka kwenkumbulo kunye nezakhono zokuqonda, njengoko umzimba ukhula.

Isebenza njani iPQQ njengeAntioxidant

Ngokungafaniyo ne-antioxidants ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezithintela ii-radicals zasimahla kwimpendulo enye ukuya komnye, PQQ isebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Inokuthatha inxaxheba kwibhayisekile ye-redox, evumela imolekyuli enye ye-PQQ ukuba ithintele iiradicals zasimahla izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokuthotywa ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuyinika i-antioxidant ehlala ixesha elide xa kuthelekiswa neevithamini ezifana ne-Vitamin C okanye i-Vitamin E.

Nantsi indlela i-PQQ esebenza ngayo njenge-antioxidant:

• Iintlobo zeOxygen eZisebenzayo (ROS): I-PQQ izinzisa iimolekyuli eziyingozi ezinokuthi bonakalise i-DNA, iiproteni kunye neelipids.
• Ukukhusela iMitochondria: Kuba i-mitochondria ingowona mthombo uphambili we-ROS, i-PQQ iyabakhusela, iqinisekisa ukuba zihlala zisebenza kwaye zomelele.
• Ukuxhasa ukulungiswa kweSelula: Ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, i-PQQ inceda iiseli ukulungisa umonakalo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye icuthe iinkqubo ezinegalelo ekwaluphaleni nakwizifo.

Esi sixhobo sahlukileyo se-antioxidant sichaza ukuba kutheni i-PQQ ithathelwa ingqalelo ngaphezu kwe-antioxidant-isebenza zombini njengekhaka ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nomgqugquzeli wokukhula kwe-mitochondrial entsha.

I-PQQ kwi-Biology: Ngaphaya kwe-Antioxidant Function

Nakuba PQQ ineepropathi ezomeleleyo ze-redox ezenza i-antioxidant esebenzayo, ingaphezulu lee kune-radical scavenger.

1. I-Cofactor kwi-Quinoproteins

U-Anthony (1996, 1997) noKlinman (1994) baqaqambise indima ebalulekileyo ye-PQQ kumsebenzi quinoprotein dehydrogenases [Anthony, Prog. I-Biophys. Mol. I-Biol., 69, 1]. Ezi enzyme zilamla ukusabela kwe-redox ukonga amandla kwiibhaktheriya, zibanceda ukuba basebenzise i-alcohol kunye neswekile. Isakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-PQQ sivumela ukukhwela ibhayisekile ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-redox ngaphandle kokuzehlisa-ipropati eyahlula kwii-antioxidants ezininzi.

2. I-Mitochondrial Biogenesis kunye neMetabolism yamandla

Uphando kwiinkqubo ezanyisayo lucebisa ukuba i-PQQ iphucula i-mitochondrial biogenesis. Watson & Preedy (2019) ichaze indlela i-PQQ yokutya echaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwesibindi, ukuxinana kwe-mitochondrial, kunye nolawulo lwamandla [Watson & Preedy, Ukungenelela kokutya kwisifo seSibindi]. Esi siphumo asikho ngenxa yesenzo esithe ngqo se-antioxidant kodwa kunoko ukumodareyithwa kweendlela zokubonisa iselula (umzekelo, i-PGC-1α kunye ne-CREB) elawula ukuphindaphinda kwe-mitochondrial.

3. I-Neuroprotection kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda

UZhao et al. (2014) inike ubungqina bokuba i-PQQ, ngokukodwa ngokudibanisa ne-microdose lithium, iyanciphisa isifo se-Alzheimer's pathology kwiimodeli zemouse. Indima ye-PQQ ekukhuseleni ii-neurons kuxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, i-excitotoxicity, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-mitochondrial icebisa ukuba inokuba yi-neurotrophic-ukukhuthaza impilo yengqondo kunye nokucotha ukuhla kwengqondo.

4. Impilo yeMetabolic kunye nobomi obude

Izifundo zikwacebisa ukuba i-PQQ inokulawula i-lipid metabolism, ukunyamezela i-glucose, kunye neenkqubo zokuvuvukala. Ngokuphembelela ukubonakaliswa kofuzo kunye nonxibelelwano lweselula, impembelelo ye-PQQ kwimpilo ifana neyezinye iimolekyuli ezibonisa umqondiso endaweni ye-antioxidant nje.

I-PQQ kwiMpilo ye-Cardiovascular

Intliziyo lelinye lawona malungu afuna amandla kakhulu kumzimba womntu, ethembele kakhulu kwi-mitochondria ngomsebenzi wayo oqhubekayo wokumpompa. Ngokuba PQQ ivuselela i-biogenesis ye-mitochondrial, inika intliziyo amandla angakumbi avelisa amandla, anokomeleza unyamezelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwentliziyo.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-PQQ kunoku:

• Ukunciphisa umonakalo we-oxidative kwizicubu zentliziyo ezibangelwa yi-radicals yamahhala.
• Iimpawu ezisezantsi zokudumba ezinegalelo kwi-atherosclerosis (i-plaque buildup kwi-arteries).
• Ukuphucula iiprofayili zelipid yegazi ngokunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL kunye ne-triglycerides.
• Khusela ukwenzakala kwe-ischemia-reperfusion, uhlobo lomonakalo wentliziyo owenzeka xa ukuphuma kwegazi kubuyela entliziyweni emva kokuvalelwa.

Ezi propati zenza i-PQQ ibe ngumgqatswa onomdla inkxaso yentliziyo, ngakumbi kubantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo ngenxa yobudala, ukutya okungalunganga, okanye uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.

Ngaba i-PQQ sisiSondlo esifana neVithamin?

Ingxoxo-mpikiswano ekudala ikho yeyokuba ingaba i-PQQ kufuneka ihlelwe njengevithamin. USalisbury (1979) ucebise ukuba ubukho bayo njenge-cofactor kwi-bacterial dehydrogenases bubonisa indima ebalulekileyo yesondlo [Salisbury, Ibhayoloji yeSeli yeNdalo, 280, 843]. Kamva, uAnthony (2001) wachaza i-PQQ njengento ebalulekileyo yokukhula kwizinto ezithile eziphilayo kwaye wacebisa ukuba iqatshelwe “njengevithamini entsha” yezilwanyana ezanyisayo.

Nangona abantu benokufumana amanani amancinci PQQ ukusuka ekutyeni (okufumaneka kukutya okuvundisiweyo, isoya, iti eluhlaza, kunye nobisi lomntu), ulwahlulo oluqinisekileyo njengevithamin luhlala luphantsi kwengxoxo.

isiphelo

Iprroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) ayisiyonto nje yokulwa ne-antioxidant-yinto a biofactor esebenzayo ngeendima ezizodwa kwi-enzymology, biology ye-mitochondrial, kunye ne-neuroprotection. Ukufunyanwa kwayo njengenoveli yeqela leprosthetic kwi-bacterial dehydrogenases iye yanda ekuqondeni okubanzi ngokubaluleka kwayo kwimpilo yabantu. Ngokuvuselela i-mitochondrial biogenesis, ukumodareyitha ukubonakaliswa kweselula, kunye nokuxhasa ukomelela kwemithambo-luvo, i-PQQ ibonisa izibonelelo zempilo eziya ngaphaya kokungathathi hlangothi simahla.

Njengoko umkhondo wophando ubonisa, i-PQQ imele ibhulorho phakathi kwe-enzymology yakudala kunye nesayensi yezondlo yanamhlanje. Ngobungqina obukhulayo, ngenye imini inokubonwa ngokusesikweni njengesakhamzimba esibalulekileyo.

Uluhlu lweereferensi

Hauge, I-Glucose dehydrogenase ye-Bacterium anitratum: I-enzyme eneqela le-prosthetic inoveli, i-J. Biol. Chem., № 239, p. 3630
DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)91183-X

UFrank, izifundo zeKinetic kunye ne-spectral kwiifom ze-redox ze-methanol dehydrogenase ezivela kwi-Hyphomicrobium X, i-JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., № 174, p. 331

I-Duine, Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi weqela le-prosthetic ye-methanol dehydrogenase, i-JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., № 108, p. 187

I-Duine, i-Quinoproteins: Ii-enzyme eziqulethe i-quinonoid cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone, i-topaquinone okanye i-tryptophan-tryptophan quinone, i-JBIC J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., № 200, p. 271

Anthony, Ubume kunye nomsebenzi we-PQQ-equlethe i-quinoprotein dehydrogenases, iProg. I-Biophys. Mol. I-Biol., № 69, p. 1
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I-Salisbury, i-coenzyme yenoveli evela kwi-bacterial alcohol primary dehydrogenases, uNat. Iseli Biol., № 280, p. 843

Klinman, iQuinoenzymes kwibhayoloji, uAnnu. Umfundisi Biochem., № 63, p. 299
I-DOI: 10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.001503

Anthony, i-Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) kunye ne-quinoprotein enzymes, i-Antioxid. Umqondiso weRedox., № 3, p. 757
INGXELO: 10.1089 / 15230860152664966

Watson, RM, kunye noPreedy, V. (2019). I-Pyrroloquinoline quinone: Iprofayili yayo. Iimpembelelo kwisibindi kunye nefuthe kwimpilo kunye nokuthintela izifo. Ungenelelo lokutya kwiSifo sesibindi, i-Academic Press.

Zhao, Imiphumo eluncedo ye-synergistic ye-microdose lithium kunye ne-pyrroloquinoline quinone kwimodeli ye-mouse yesifo se-Alzheimer, i-Neurobiol. Ukuguga, № 35, p. 2736
I-DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.003